Studies on experimental mixed infection of schistosoma haematobium and schistosoma mansoni

Swiss albino mice have been infected with S. hematobium and challenged four weeks later with S. mansoni. Parasitological, pathological and ultrastructural studies were done. The results revealed cross mating between the two species. A reduction in S. mansoni worm load, egg count, hepatic granuloma number and size was noticed. The presence of heterologous immunity was suggested

Individual, household and behavioral risk factors of S haematobium infection in an Egyptian village in Giza governorate

A survey study has been conducted in Zaweit Abou-Soelum Village in Giza Governorate to study and describe individual, household and behavioral risk factor related to S. hematobium infection in an area with moderate level of infection. A systematic random sample of houses was chosen, and all individuals in the selected household were invited to participate. A total number of 616 persons in 100 houses complied in the study. A primary school was present in the village. A random sample of school children were also included. Urine and stool analysis were performed for each person. Personal, household and behavioral data were collected through personal interview. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to test the available risk factors. Results showed S. Hematobium prevalence of 12.3%, whereas a prevalence of 35.9% was observed among school children. Age as a risk factor showed the highest significance to infection, followed by the history of burning micturition with f-value =0.001

Quantitative and qualitative estimation of tissue eggs burden in bilharzial patients clinicopathological correiation

Bilharziasis is the most common endemic disease in Egypt. Sequlae of pathological lesions and their severity vary considerably. This paper will show the correlation between the intensity, of infestation with the species of ova to the production of pathology. Tissue digestion technique was used to examine 64 biopsy specimens which included two from bilharzial contracted bladders, 16 from bilharzial bladder ulcers, seven cystectomy specimens from bilharzial patients with bladder cancer, and 22 from. bilharzial ureteric strictures. Of the remaining specimens, nine were from uncomplicated bilharzial bladders and eight from simple uncomplicated bilharzial ureters. The pathological lesions were found to be due to a mixed infestation [haemotobium and mansoni] in 63.5% of the cases of ureteric strictures, 68% of chronic bladder ulcers and 100% of bilharzial contracted bladders. The infestation was due to haemotobium only in 100% of simple Bilharzial bladder cases and in 87.5% of uncomplicated ureters. Accordingly, strains of schistosoma mansoni are more productive of tissue reaction and fibrosis, which can offer [an explanation for the varied clinical picture in different people. Management of urinary tract bilharziasis should cover both haemotobium and mansoni strains

Schistosomiasis status in urban Sharkia governorate, Egypt: prevalence and intensity of infection

This study was implemented in Sharqia Governorate to determine the magnitude of schistosomiasis in urban areas. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to carry out the study. According to the population size, the urban areas of Sharqia Governorate were classified into 2 groups: Small sized cities and large sized cities. Two cities were selected randomly from each group. Among the 5012 individuals selected from the 4 cities, 3524 and 3457 individuals gave urine and stool specimens, respectively. An overall prevalence of 6.8% was observed for Schistosoma mansoni [S. mansoni] infection with a geometric mean egg count [GMEC] of 45.8 eggs per gram stool. Only three cases of Schistosoma hematobium were detected. Results of the survey suggested that small sized cities had a significantly higher level of infection than large sized cities. Age and sex related prevalence and intensities showed that the highest rates were noticed among adult males

Immunohistochemical study of benign bilharzial lesions of the urinary bladder in schistosoma haematobium infested patients

The distribution of laminin [LM] [a basement membrane glycoprotein] and fibronectin [FN] [an extracellular matrix glycoprotein] were studied in different types of bilharzial lesions in 60 cystoscopic specimens. This was done by immunoperoxidase methods. The distribution of FN in cellular, fibrocellular and fibrotic granulomas showed increasing progressive dense FN network expression, respectively. FN expression was presented in late or fibrotic granuloma functions as a mediator and indicator of healing. The distribution of LM is characterized by continuous band-like reactivity. It was present in benign, hyperplastic urothelial lesions. In contrast, complete loss of this band-like staining was constantly observed in metaplastic urothelial lesions, so laminin might be an important indicator for premalignant and malignant changes which needs further studies

Hepatic morbidity associated with Shaematobium in Upper Egypt [an ultrsonographic field study]

Several studies demonstrated the usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosing schistosomal periportal fibrosis. A multistage random sample was taken to represent the rural population of the Egyptian governorates by EPI 123. 31 different rural population communities in Assiut Governorate and 44 in Qena Governorate were studied. The sample size was 14,204 for Assiut and 17,822 in Qena. The sampled households were interviewed for personal data and parasitological examination. One-fifth of the houses were subjected to clinical and abdominal ultrasonography examination and 3058 persons completed all forms in both Assiut and Qena. Hepatic morbidity associated with S. haematobium was studied. It was concluded that, in Upper Egypt S. haematobium infection is associated with mild degree of periportal fibrosis without significant hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or portal vein dilatation which might be due to available chemotherapy

Down-modulation of the pathological profile in schistosomiasis hematobium by passive transfer of parasite-related idiotypic antibodies from infected children

Schistosoma haematobium adult worm related and egg [SEA] antigens were prepared and used to immunopurify specific antibodies from sera of infected children. The evaluation of the immunopurified NP-40 and SEA-related antibodies [idiotypes] for their ability to passively protect naive mice against S .haematobium infection were studied. Careful postmortem examination, as well as hepatic and pulmonary histopathological changes were carried out to evaluate the reduction in the degenerative changes in these organs after recovery from immune antibody recipients as compared with organs from infected groups given saline or normal human immunoglobulins-Analysis of results showed that idiotypes separated from sera of infected children are effective in minimizing pathological changes in the lungs and livers of mice which provides a tool for understanding the mechanism underlying idiotype mediated resistance to infection

Species and infectivity of schistosoma snails in middle Egypt

This study was carried out, in order to determine, the species of Schistosome snails and its infection rate, in three villages around Assiut. Different Schistosome snails, were classified according to the size and age. The total number of Bulinus trancatus snails collected from the three villages was 4169, and there were 2 peaks of increased number of snails. Two hundred and six Biomphalaria alex and rina snails were collected from two villages only. None of the collected Biomphalaria alex and rina snails were found to be infected, and the infection was rates of Bulinus trancatus in the three villages were 0.06%, 0.12% and 0.4%. Each snail infected with Schistosoma haematobium or Echinostome cercariae was not found to be infected with any other trematode cercariae. The appearance of Biomphalaria alex and rina snails, together with decrease in the Bulinus/Biomphalaria ratio, as noted in this study, is most probably due to favorable environmental conditions brought up after the construction of the High-Dam